Poverty as a Challenge Class Ix Ncert

sorryness As A Challenge Class IX NCERT (CBSE) Economics (Social Science) Chapter 3, Poverty As A Challenge Class IX, NCERT (CBSE) Economics Text view as Exercise Questions- dissolvers Q. 1 Describe how the beggary bound is estimated in India. Ans In India penury line is measured or calculated considering the adjacent factors required for subsistence 1. Minimum level of food unavoidableness, 2. Clothing 3. Footwear 4. Fuel and Light 5. Education and 6. aesculapian requirement etc. These physical quantities be multiplied by their prices.The infix formula for food requirement is based on the desired calorie requirement. On the basis of these calculations in 1999 2000, the need line in the rural atomic number 18as was fixed Rs. 328 per capita per month and in urban argonas, it was Rs. 454. People earning more than this amount were considered above the leanness line and earning less than this amount were considered as living below the poverty line. Q. 2 Do you commend th at present methodology of poverty idea is let? Ans The present methodology of poverty estimation does not look appropriate.It only takes 1 factor in view and that is the economic factor. Moreover it considers nearly a borderline subsistence level of living rather than a fair level of living. Poverty has some(prenominal) dimensions. It is no longer confined to economic factors alone. With development, the definitions of what constitutes poverty also changes. Its concept has broadened to human poverty. A some persons may have been able to feed themselves but if they are without education, without shelter, without health-care, without moving in security, without self-confidence, without cordial partakeity, they are considered poor.If poverty is to be removed in real sense and the people are to be brought above the poverty line, not only that we need to increase their income but also, we have to provide the people with education, shelter, health-care, job-security, respect, di gnity all. therefore, the present methodology of poverty estimation needs to be modified and broadened in order to make it an appropriate method. Q. 3 Describe poverty slips in India since 1973. Ans As per the data given in the book in that location is a substantial decline in poverty ratio in India from 55 per centum in 1973 to 36 percent in 1993.There was further decline from 36 percent in 1993 to 26 percent in 2000. Although the number of poor people remained stable (about 320 million) in the earlier two decades (1973 to 1993), there was significant lessening in the number of the poor to about 260 million till 2000. If the present trend continues, the people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 percent in the next few years. Q. 4 Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India. Ans There are various reasons for poverty in India which are outlined below (1) Prolonged Colonial AdministrationThe policies of British Colonial government shattered the Indian economy s o much that it could not be revived until the 1980s. (2) Unabated Population Growth The failures to promote both the required economic growth and population domination have been the main cause of poverty today. (3) Illiteracy Illiteracy is also an important cause of poverty in our country. (4) Disparity in the Ownership of Land-holdings The unequal distribution of land, lack of land resources and failure in the proper carrying out of land reform policies have been the major causes of poverty in rural areas. (5) UnemploymentLack of job security and unemployment are opposite causes. (6) Widening Inequalities of Income This is a feature of high poverty. Money has been concentrating in few hands, thus rendering a majority of people poor. (7) Slow Growth of Employment Opportunities Despite the implementation of various employment generating platforms our government has failed to provide the necessary employment opportunities. (8) Socio-cultural Factors In order to fulfill social ob ligations such as marriage etc. and religious ceremonies people in India including the poor spend a lot of money which makes some people even poorer.Q. 5 Identify the social and economic groups which are most vulnerable to poverty in India. Ans Social Groups vulnerable to Poverty in India (1) schedule Castes households. (2) Scheduled Tribes households. Economic Groups vulnerable to Poverty (1) Rural Agricultural lying-in households. (2) Urban Casual labour households. Q. 6 Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India. Ans Poverty in India is not the same in every state. The success rate of reducing poverty varies from state to state create inter-state disparities in poverty level.Orissa, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh are the three poorest states in India with their people living below poverty line being 47, 42 and 37 percent respectively. Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh are the three better-off states in India as far as the poverty is concerned. Q. 7 Des cribe global poverty trends. Ans There have been substantial reduction in global poverty, but there are regional disparities described below (1) Poverty declined in China and South-East Asian countries as a result of rapid economic growth and huge investments in the development of human resources. 2) In Latin America, the ratio of poverty remained almost the same. (3) In sub-Saharan Africa, poverty saw an upward trend rather than a downward trend. It rose from 41% in 1981 to 46% in 2001. (4) Poverty ha surfaced itself in some of the former socialist countries standardized Russia, where at one time it was non-existent. Q. 8 Describe current government strategy of poverty alleviation. Ans Removal of poverty has one of the major objectives of Indian developmental strategy. The current government strategy of poverty alleviation is based on two planks (1) Promotion of Economic Growth 2) Targeted Anti-poverty Programmes Some of the anti-poverty programmes undertaken by government at p resent are discussed below Prime Ministers Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) Started in 1993, this programme aims to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed spring chicken in rural areas and small towns. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) Launched in 2000, this aims to create and improve basic services like master(a) health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification. subject Food for Work programme (NFWP)Launched in 2004 in 150 most backward districts of the country, this programme is open to all rural poor who are in need of wage employment and desired to do manual unskilled work. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) This act was passed in September 2005. The act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts. Later, the plot will be extended to 600 districts and also one third to the proposed jobs would be reserved for women. Q. 9 Answer the following questions briefly (i ) What do you understand by human poverty? ii) Who are the poorest of the poor? (iii) What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005? Ans (i) Poverty is multi-dimensional problem. As per the positive concept of poverty, a person is considered poor if his or her income falls below a given minimum level. But human poverty is not confined to economic factors alone. With development, the definitions of what constitutes poverty also changes. The formalised definition of poverty considers only a minimum subsistence level of living rather than a reasonable level of living.Many scholars advocate that the concept of human poverty must be broadened and should be looked through other social indicators like illiteracy level, lack of general resistance due to mal-nutrition, lack of access to resources like health-care, safe drinking water, job opportunities, sanitation, lack of self-confidence without social equality etc. (ii) Women, children (especially the gi rl child) and older people in a poor family are regarded as the poorest of the poor because they are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family. (iii) Refer to the answer of Q. 8 above.