Edgar Allan Poe :: essays research papers

Edgar Allan PoePoe, Edgar Allan, known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first masterof the short-story form, especially bilgewaters of the mysterious and macabre. Theliterary merits of Poes writings have been debated since his death, but hisworks have remained popular and many major American and European writers haveprofessed their artistic debt to him. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Poe wasorphaned in his early childhood and was raised by John Allan, a successfulbusinessman of Richmond, Virginia. interpreted by the Allan family to England at theage of six, Poe was placed in a secret school. Upon returning to the UnitedStates in 1820, he continued to study in private schools. He attended theUniversity of Virginia for a year, but in 1827 his foster father, displeased bythe young mans drinking and gambling, refused to pay his debts and forced himto work as a clerk. Poe, disliking his new duties intensely, quit the job, thusestranging Allan, and went to Boston. There his f irst book, Tamerlane and OtherPoems (1827), was published anonymously. Shortly afterward Poe enlisted in theU.S. Army and served a two-year term. In 1829 his second volume of verse, AlAaraaf, was published, and he effected a reconciliation with Allan, who securedhim an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy. After only a few months at the academy Poe was dismissed for neglect of duty, and his foster father disownedhim permanently. Poes third book, Poems, appeared in 1831, and the followingyear he moved to Baltimore, where he lived with his aunt and her 11-year-olddaughter, Virginia Clemm. The following year his tale A MS. Found in a Bottlewon a contest sponsored by the Baltimore Saturday Visitor. From 1835 to 1837 Poe

Acid Rain :: essays research papers fc

Acid RainINTRODUCTION Acid rain is a non bad(p) problem in our world. It causes fishand plants to die in our waters. As well it causes harm to our own race as well,because we obliterate these fish, drink this water and eat these plants. It is aproblem that we must all face together and try to get rid of. However acid rainon its own is not the biggest problem. It cause some(prenominal) other problems such asaluminum poisoning. Acid Rain is deadly.WHAT IS ACID RAIN?Acid rain is all the rain, snow, mist etc that falls from the sky onto ourplanet that contains an unnatural acidic. It is not to be confused withuncontaminated rain that falls, for that rain is naturally slightly acidic. Itis caused by todays industry. When products are manufactured many chemicals areused to create it. However because of the difficulty and cost of properlydisposing of these products they are often emitted into the atmosphere withlittle or no treatment.The term was first-class honours degree considered to be important about 20 years ago whenscientists in Sweden and Norway first believed that acidic rain may be causinggreat bionomical damage to the planet. The problem was that by the time that thescientist prime the problem it was already very large. Detecting an acid lake isoften quite difficult. A lake does not fail acid over night. It happens over aperiod of many years, some times decades. The changes are usually to gradual forthem to be noticed early.At the commencement exercise of the 20th century most rivers/lakes like the riverTovdal in Norway had not yet begun to die. However by 1926 local inspectors werenoticing that many of the lakes were beginning to show signs of death. Fish werefound dead along the banks of many rivers. As the winters ice began to melt offmore and more hundreds upon hundreds more dead fish (trout in particular) werebeing found. It was at this time that scientist began to search for the reason.As the scientists continued to work they found many pil es of dead fish, up to5000 in one pile, further up the river. divers(prenominal) were sent in to examine thebottom of the rivers. What they found were many more dead fish. Many stretch forth anddead specimens were taken back to labs across Norway. When the live specimenswere examined they were found to have very little sodium in their blood. This istypical a typical symptom of acid poisoning. The acid had entered the gills of

The Usefulness of Structuralism as an Analytical Tool for Uncovering Ho

In the words of Michael OShaughnessy, floors, or stories, are a canonic way of making sense of our experience (1999 266). As a society and a culture, we use stories to comprehend and share our experiences, typically by constructing them with a solution, mettle and an end. In fact, the order that a narrative is structured will directly impact the way it is understood, particularly across cultures. This idea originated through Claude Lvi-Strausss concept of structuralism in anthropology which is concerned with uncovering the common structural principles underlying specific and historically variable cultures and myth in pre-industrial societies (Strinati 2003 85). In damage of media studies, structuralisms inherent objective is to dig beneath the surface of a media text to identify how the structure of a narrative contributes to its meaning. structural linguistics encompasses a large range of analytical tools, however, this essay will examine Joseph Campbells monomyth and Claude Lv i-Strausss theory of binary oppositions. Through analysis of superior Flemings film, The Wizard of Oz (1939), it will be shown that although the monomyth and binary oppositions are useful tools with which to unveil how meaning is generated in this text, structuralism can undermine the audiences ability to engage with their own interpretations of the film. In the simplest form, there is a basic structural pattern to narratives, as expressed through Tzvetan Todorovs explanation of narrative movement between two equilibriums. A narrative begins in a stable position until something causes disequilibrium, however, by the end of the story, the equilibrium is re-established, though it is different than the beginning (OShaughnessy 1999 268). Joseph Cam... ...an adequate mechanism for unveiling the techniques used to create messages in a text. Works CitedCampbell, Joseph (1968), The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, pp. viii-97.Eco, Umberto (1979), Narrative structures in Fleming, in his, The reference of the Reader Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, pp. 144-172.Hartley, John (2002), Communication, Cultural and Media Studies The Key Concepts, London, Routledge, pp. 19-21.OShaughnessy, Michael (1999), Media and Society An Introduction, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, pp. 266-290.Strinati, Dominic (2003), Structuralism, semiology and popular culture (extract), in his An Introduction to Theories of Popular goal 2nd Ed., London, Routledge, pp. 82-85.The Wizard of Oz (film), 1939, Director Victor Fleming.

Central America Essay -- Central American History

Central America Central America, just south of Mexico and North of Panama, consists ofjust six countries Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua,and Costa Rica. Of those six, all portion out a distinct common history exceptfor Belize. Belize for one is incredibly small, and while Spanish is theofficial language of other Central Ameri hindquarters countries, in Belize English isspoken. So throughout this paper as I carelessly say Central American Iam not including Belize whose history and development was far variantthan the others. Although Central America is located close to the United States inrelation to the Eastern Hemisphere, our ways of life are indescribablydifferent. When we discuss Poverty in the United States many of us,including myself, dont really know what poverty is. It seems like onlya select few are afflicted by it here and programs like upbeat and FoodStamps (with varying degrees of success) seem to lessen the effects. In Central America when on e speaks about poverty he/she is including alarge proportion of the population. One pace of poverty is the earningpower of an individual. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is a measureof income is around $12,000 in the United States. In Central America onthe other hand, the wealthinessiest Country, Costa Rica, came in at just under$2000. Distortion plays a role on the $2000 also, due to the fact the theelite-rich have an enormous concentration of wealth and land ownership, thereal GDP of the poorer half of the population is around $200-$400 a year(Pg 10, Booth and Walker). Accompanying poverty or as a result is poor orunavailable education, health care, and an extremely bad job market. Government for the people and by the ... ...nt sure howmuch more incite he could get to Somoza so he pushed for a major offensive. In,1987, without each side attaining a clear victory, negotiations began. In1990, Daniel Ortega, a Sandinista was voted out of power to a moreconservative , Violeta Barrios de Chamorro. In the end there was basically a stalemate, neither side attained a clearvictory. Had the United States not intervened things nigh likely wouldhave been very different. Our intervention has left a lasting impression onNicaraguas political and economic situation. In a rebellion which caused $1.5 one million million million in property loss, a 2% reduction in the overall population,and years of turmoil (Pg 68, Booth and Walker) the domestic market wasdestroyed. No one can say whether our actions were justified or not but it will mostlikely be on the minds of many Nicaraguans for a long time to come..

A Comparison of the Carbon Footprint of Retail Stores Patagonia, H&M, and The Wardrobe :: Global Warming Climate Change Carbon Emissions

Are you worried about global climate change? Have you ever wondered how you contribute to this task? What about the impact of the fit out you buy? We have put together estimated information from three different types of stores to help you realize options you have as consumers to be more green. Patagonia is an example of an environmentally conscious and globally active store. The same is true for H&M but it aims to provide affordable, fashionable clothing at the same time. The Wardrobe in Davis, California is an example of a local store, community built and owned.It is important to consider the environmental impact of the stores you support and the clothes you buy. Local stores have the lowest impact because their transportation needs are less than those of stores part of a chain. However, although larger stores may emit more speed of light simply because they are bigger, some are committed to cutting down on their carbon footprint. CARBON FOOTPRINTSPatagonia303.66 gobs carbo n dioxide/yrH&M261,376.75 tons CO2/yrThe Wardrobe54.13 tons CO2/yrPatagoniaPatagonias Carbon footprint of 303.66 tons of CO2 per year was calculated from estimating the lights in to each one store to 40.89 tons of CO2 (13%) from the electrical energy for 47 energy saver bulbs, and 182.85 tons of CO2 (61%) from electricity for 100 fluorescent tube lights, 71 tons of CO2 (23%) from the fuels burned for shipping to the stores from the distribution center, 8.23 tons of CO2 (3%) from the fuels burned for shipping clothes from the distribution center to the European stores by sea freight, and 1.3 tons of CO2 (H&MH&M calculated it emitted 73,593.61 tons of CO2 to power its buildings (28%), 161,273.66 tons of CO2 for transportation of its clothing (62%), 23,517.81 tons of CO2 for business travel (9%), and 2,991.67 tons for fuel for its company cars (1%). The WardrobeThe Wardrobes footprint of 54.13 tons of CO2 per year was calculated using the 4.81 tons of CO2 (9%) from electricity for their four desktop computers, 0.99 tons CO2 (2%) from electricity for the 11 show lights kept lit 24 hours a day, everyday, 1.31 tons of CO2 (2%) from electricity for the 47 lights turned on during store hours equalling 52 hours a week, 6.

A Comparison of the Carbon Footprint of Retail Stores Patagonia, H&M, and The Wardrobe :: Global Warming Climate Change Carbon Emissions

Are you worried roughly global climate change? Have you ever wondered how you contribute to this problem? What about the impact of the clothes you buy? We have put together estimated information from three different types of chisel ins to help you realize options you have as consumers to be more than green. Patagonia is an example of an environmentally conscious and globally active store. The uniform is true for H&M but it aims to provide affordable, fashionable clothing at the same time. The Wardrobe in Davis, California is an example of a local store, community built and owned.It is important to consider the environmental impact of the stores you support and the clothes you buy. local stores have the lowest impact because their transportation needs are less than those of stores part of a chain. However, although larger stores may emit more carbon exclusively because they are bigger, some are committed to cutting down on their carbon footprint. CARBON FOOTPRINTSPatagonia30 3.66 oodles carbonic acid gas/yrH&M261,376.75 tons carbon dioxide/yrThe Wardrobe54.13 tons CO2/yrPatagoniaPatagonias Carbon footprint of 303.66 tons of CO2 per year was calculated from estimating the lights in each store to 40.89 tons of CO2 (13%) from the electricity for 47 energy saver bulbs, and 182.85 tons of CO2 (61%) from electricity for 100 fluorescent tube lights, 71 tons of CO2 (23%) from the fuels burned for shipping to the stores from the distribution center, 8.23 tons of CO2 (3%) from the fuels burned for shipping clothes from the distribution center to the European stores by sea freight, and 1.3 tons of CO2 (H&MH&M calculated it emitted 73,593.61 tons of CO2 to power its buildings (28%), 161,273.66 tons of CO2 for transportation of its clothing (62%), 23,517.81 tons of CO2 for byplay travel (9%), and 2,991.67 tons for fuel for its company cars (1%). The WardrobeThe Wardrobes footprint of 54.13 tons of CO2 per year was calculated using the 4.81 tons of CO2 (9%) from electricity for their foursome desktop computers, 0.99 tons CO2 (2%) from electricity for the 11 show lights kept lit 24 hours a day, everyday, 1.31 tons of CO2 (2%) from electricity for the 47 lights turn on during store hours equalling 52 hours a week, 6.

What My Sister Means to Me

article 4 nola. com disconnectedness of Mexico anoint spills environmental impact expected to be profound, long-lasting create Friday, May 07, 2010, 826 PM As the Miss Brandy shrimp boat skimmed rust-colored clumps of oxidized oil from Chandeleur Sound, seagulls from a flock circling nearby dived under a light oily sheen on the waters bulge to feed on a school of minnows Friday afternoon. The fish are probably coming to the surface because theyre dying from the oil, said Larry Schweiger, president and CEO of the National Wildlife Federation. Those gulls think theyre getting a free meal when really theyre getting a load of toxins. Schweiger, who heads the nations largest saving group, led reporters on a six-hour boat tour to survey ecological equipment casualty caused by the Deepwater Horizon oil leak, which has been spewing an estimated 210,000 gallons of sweet crude per day into the Gulf of Mexico since the drilling rig exploded April 20. A 100-mile round trip from Venice to the Chandeleur Islands revealed no oil on the shorelines of several(prenominal) islands.However, areas in Chandeleur Sound are crisscrossed by long ribbons of degraded oil, which turns a rust color as iron in the oil is exposed to air. Once scooped from the water, the oily clumps transform into gooey obscure brown globs with the consistency of molasses. Shrimp boats were deployed throughout the sound to skim the water with orange booms to corral the floating oil. Schweiger traced the clumping phenomenon to a decision by BP, which was leasing the rig and is in charge of clean-up efforts, to use dispersants both on the waters surface and below the surface to break up the oil before it can wash ashore. Using dispersants minimizes the damage to the coastline, but the oil is spread throughout the water column and probably does more damage to the fisheries, he said. The dispersants just shift the risk. Its a trade off. He applauded the decision to halt the use of underwater dispersants on the Deepwater Horizon leak, which is nearly a mile below the waters surface, deeper than chemical dispersants had ever been used before. About both miles west of the Chandeleur Islands, schools of rain minnows could be seen darting beneath the floating oil. Schweiger said the fish are likely doomed. Dispersants will make oil and water mix, but theres no way to make oil and fish mix, he said. Most islands in Chandeleur Sound are not protected by containment booms. One notable riddance is New Harbor Island, a prime nesting ground for brown pelicans because the mangrove trees enable the birds to build nests safe from high tides. The island is encircled by booms, but beyond the booms were patches of oily water. You can protect the island from the oil, but the pelicans are still exposed to it when they feed on fish in contaminated water, Schweiger said. There have been several confirmed sightings of oil on barrier islands, but he oil does not appear to be staying very long, at least not in high concentrations. Schweiger pointed to a spot on Freemason Island, where he had seen oil the day before. Nevertheless, high tides had apparently washed it away by Friday afternoon, when several killdeer could be seen darting along the shoreline where the oil had been. However, Schweiger noted that little of the oil gushing from the ruptured well for more than two weeks has been removed from the water. Just because you cant always see the oil doesnt mean its not there and that its not going to have a huge impact on nature, he said.

Analysis of Pivotal Moment in “A Separate Peace” Essay

The book, A Separate Peace by John Knowles is a coming of age story of two best peers, Gene and Finny. Although the story is told through Genes point of view, his perception of Finny is most important as Finny develops psychologically throughout the book. A pivotal moment in Finnys psychological development is Brinkers investigation in Chapter 11, when Finny in the long run acknowledges it was Gene who pushed him and this changes Finnys innocent view of the world.Finny sees constantlyyone how he wants to see them, assuming the world is a fundamentally friendly place. In life he always thinks the best of batch and counts no one as his enemy, just as he dislikes games with winners and losers. Blitzball, the game he invents where everyone competes furiously but no one wins, shows Finnys attitude toward life. jibe to Gene, these qualities make Finny unique. But, Finnys inability to see others as hostile is his weakness as well as his strength he refuses to believe any blue motives toward Gene. Finnys nave mindset makes him assume that everyone thinks like he does. This carefree, self-absorbed attitude is one of the roots of Genes jealousy of Finny, although Finny, aware provided of himself and seeing the good in others, never seems to pick up on Genes inner turmoil.Genes resentment of his best friend caused him to hold dark, unspoken feelings toward Finny which led him to push Finny off of the tree, making him unable to play sports, his most notable skill. But of course Finny, seeing the best in everyone, refuses to even think that his best friend could have caused the accident. When Gene tries to confess that it was his fault for the accident, Finny refuses to talk about what he doesnt want to hear. Getting worried at Gene, Finnt tells him, If you dont shut up, Ill kill you. However, Brinkers investigation in chapter 11 shows Finnys psychological transition when he is finally able to listen to what he doesnt want to hear. The first time Gene tried to confe ss that it was his fault Finny immediately gets upset and simply wont talk about it. On the other hand, Brinker/s trial forces Finny to accept the truth and illustrates Finnys psychological development, considering Finny doesnt react like he did the first time Gene tried to talk about the fall. It takes Finny longerto get angry, and he is more tolerant to talk about the accident.When Brinker asked Finny if he had ever considered that he didnt just fall out of the tree, implying that someone pushed him, Gene describes Finnys reaction as it touched an interesting point Phineas had been turning all over in his mind for a long time. I could tell that because his obstinate, competitive look left his face as his mind became engaged for the first time. (Pg.169) Finny is and then open to talking about the accident and it takes him much longer to get upset than it did the first time. Once Leper told the truth about the fall, Finny became upset again as The words shocked Phineas into awaren ess. (Pg.177) Finnys mindset shifts from seeing a world with no wrong to an understanding, less nave view.

Spanish vs. Ottomans

When empires expand, they all sop up a plan in mind on how and why they want to expand. It usher out differ from religious, wealth, or power reasons. It can also be with countrys surrounding them or land far away. Simultaneously, empires can use similar military techniques, ways of keeping people in order, or ways of keeping up the economy. During the time of 1450 to 1800, the Spanish Empire and the Ottoman Empire responded to their empire building withal in the idea that spreading their religion was their first focus, fleck there were differences in their social and economic values because their regions required them to be that way.The Spanish and the Portuguese originally originate from the Iberian Peninsula where Christianity was popular. In an attempt to expand, the Spanish sought after America. They look at it as a land they could conquest and deepen over to Christianity. The Ottoman Empire, who was originally Turkish rising in the areas of Anatolia and the Balkans, was f ounded under the religion of Islam. The sole purpose was to take Islam further. However, when they expanded it wasnt like a monarch anymore but the sultans bonny handed power over to warriors.That way they could spend time adding more people to the empire instead of just fixing the government. The Spanish, on the other hand, were more hands on. They created institutions, taxed the natives, and had forced labor going on. Their focus was geared toward making their empire stable enough that they could set aside more natives, not having to worry about the government. The main difference was that the Spanish were more hands on eon the Ottomans concern shifted to status. most the late Eighteenth century early Nineteenth century is when hierarchy became a major issue for Spanish while the Ottomans fell into place.For both, the ruling class, the Europeans for Spanish and the sultans for the Ottomans, was at the top of the hierarchy. Beneath there is where both empires differ. The Ottoma ns had merchants and artisans beneath the sultans which was very uncommon. However, they gave much of the contribution of the arts for the Ottomans. They are the cause of shops being opened and macrocosm works being done that wouldnt have been complete otherwise. On the other hand, the Spanish was more focused on your race and gender while still giving reference to your job.Whites were at the top having the dominant roles, mixed races such as mestizo and mulatto in the middle, and black people at the bottom. Their twist was made so that Europeans would constantly rule and that slaves could only do their job work. That way no matter how many people were added on theyd have the foundation that the empire can build off of. Lastly, the Spanish and Ottomans focus on building the economy had two different focuses. While the Spanish were touch on with silver, gold, and sugar, the Ottomans were focused on expansion.When landing on Peru, the Spanish quickly created silver mine. That led t o labor work of people of lower class. This way the Spanish has a wide rule of people that can continue to grow the mining industry as long as they continue to bring in slaves. grant that that system worked, the Spanish could now export silver in exchange for goods. Its in Brazil where they got the sugar to exchange for slaves that continued to make their cosmos increase. On the contrary, the Ottomans wanted warriors in charge. Under their control war and taking of nearby territory became focus.Janissaries, a group of an Ottoman army, got an increase in weapons which briefly led them to dominating a lot of territory. Equally, both the Spanish and Ottomans went after an area they thought would be beneficial in growing. Ultimately, the Spanish and Ottomans had similar foundations while still being different. Both grew tremendously in their own way under their own religion. However, the empires ended because they were too focused on one area of the empire but not another. The Ottoma ns was with war and the Spanish with money. The important part was that both left a legacy behind.

Pompei and Herculaneum Religious Archaeology

beingness sensation of the most fascinating and cataclysmic events in antiquated Rome, The violent eruption of Mount Vesuvius ultimately destroyed a set of unique and culturally significant societies from Rome. With Pompeii and Herculaneums unique culture came their widely influenced and alter religion. Religion of which had no one following, one god or one origin. Both societies housed many cults and religions, many of which were adopted by citizens after foreign influences, significantly from the Hellenic civilizations.Pompeii was evidently a wealthy aristocratic city, as demonstrated by the abundance of valuables located along the remains of dead Pompeians. Golden coins, jewelry and lavish houses adorned with frescoes were extracted from Pompeii at the time of finding, as the volcanic debris preserved some(prenominal) of the city. This is not to say that Pompeii also housed many middle and humble class citizens, slaves being an integral character of the city-town. Much of these influences manifested itself in the form of temples, epigraphy and sepulchre suffices and are examples of how much and how many forms of religious impact were seen throughout the city. eyesight how these religions surfaced in Pompeii and Herculaneum can help uncover how these distinct cults and practices impacted the societies. Being one of the most prominent and distinct examples of influence in religion in both societies, the temple of Isis housed a large and devout cult all around the roman letters Empire, but very much so in Pompeii and Herculaneum. Being of Egyptian origin, the god Isis was a significant part of both cities, the temple in subject adorned with mosaics of Roman and Egyptian gods, with the god Hermes carved onto the purgatorium.This demonstrates to us that the Cult of Isis did not in a way, interfere with the practices or other religions, but rather integrated into. Isis herself was represented in large of lower classmen, commoners as advantageously as slaves and women. As much(prenominal), having a large slave and tradesman population, meant that Isis was a popular cult and goddess towards the people. The courtyard itself contained a multitude of chambers and buildings, one of which led to a cistern that held water from the rive Nile. This shows us not only of their devotion to Isis, but it is also evidence of ritual and cult practice.As the Temple was kept intact so well, much of the architecture and detail in regards to the walls and columns tells that the city had strong Egyptian influence, as well as showing us how important Isis and Egyptian religious worship was to them. Such importance in that an Egyptian Temple was reinforced in a Roman city, promote enhancing the notion that Egypt had large impact onto Pompeii and Herculaneum. Plutarch stated that the Egyptians were indeed of a very pious nature, but they were not the only cult to call Pompeii its home.The cult of Dionysus, another(prenominal) large following in Pompe ii and Herculaneum, was to honor the titular god, Dionysus. Being the god of Wine and festivities, the higher class individuals may have seen the cult as a representation of themselves, demonstrating how it catered to the aristocrats own lifestyle, similar to how Isis represented the poor and working class individuals. Dionysus was of Greek mythology, showing us the influence of the Greeks, but it very much resembled Bacchus, the Roman god of similar representation.Dionysus was somewhat worshipped in the Villa of the Mysteries, in which Romans would accommodate its interior. The Villa was a meeting place and a home to many patrons in Pompeii, lie with ornate and detailed frescoes, largely intact. The frescoes depict a multitude of activities and practices, such as rites of passage, leisurely activities such as dancing and instrument playing, as well as featuring Dionysus himself. This was likely some of the many practices that the cult delved in during the villa.It is also interest ing to note that the exterior of the villa was closed off and although a large part of the city, it is situated in the northwest of the city, away from the general populace and larger landmarks. In addition to that, much of the rituals and events took place at night and in secrecy, specifically the rites of passage. One could assume that although the worship of either Bacchus or Dionysus was prevalent, the practices and activities that were partaken, especially at night were something to be discrete about.Such a source is useful to us as the Villas Dionysus worship is backed by the fact that the Villa and its practices and rituals were placed so far away from other prominent buildings and individuals. Other figures were also integrated into housing and residences as well, one of them being the Lares. Lares were guardian figures in Roman Mythology and were widely impacted throughout Pompeii and Herculaneum. Many of our references to the Lares are shown in the form of mosaics and sta tues, specially around Roman residence.Lares were seen to be protectors, which explains their use around the city. One such residence, the Villa of the Vettii, houses a particular mosaic of two Lares, assumed to be sacrificing another individual, with a snake under them, representing prosperity. Not only this, but Lare statues were placed all around the house and for many other everyday occasions, such as funerals, banquets and births. Cicerobelieved that The mose consecrated and hallowed place on earth is the home of each and every citizen, the citizens of Pompeii rightly believing so.One could deduce that the citizens believed that the Lares were directly related to the citys well-being and that they demanded sacrifices in order to achieve it. In addition to this, the fact that these deities were so widespread and common throughout both Herculaneum and Pompeii, in addition to much of the rest of Rome, shows its usefulness in identifying that the Lares were seen as a very signific ant and integral part of everyday life. Another significant religious practice in both societies was the use of tombs and burials.The ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum are scattered with the tombs and burial sites of dead citizens, mostly of aristocratic descent around the gates and leading to the city. The graves collectively create the Necropolis and are scattered with statues and inscriptions of different gods and followings. This shows us how diverse the religious demographic was in Pompeii and Herculaneum. Many tombs also contained valuables along with their owners remains. Things such as jewelry and weapons were found during excavation, detailing that these individuals had possibly believed in an afterlife with the items that they were buried with.It is also interesting to note that Hellenic and Gallic civilizations adopted this practice earlier on, possibly concluding that there could have been Northern and definite Greek influence in Pompeii. It is also a point to make that these tombs were built around the gates of Pompeii and Herculaneum, a place of high traffic. Citizens could then be speculated that they may have treated the idea of death much more positively and more conventionally than how the modern world handles it, the latter in question usually designating graveyards near places of little significance or at least, certainly not of high traffic.The Necropolis in question of its usefulness is very much a key part in understanding the belief of death, its practices in burial and the afterlife as it was and still is, the resting place of thousands of people, all of them, believing that the Necropolis was a distinguished, significant place of burial and where they wished to be encapsulated, many of them bearing and displaying their apparitional affinity in either the form of epigraphy or an idol or shrine near their tomb.

Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner

Running head RETURNING TO nurture TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE 1 Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Pr meetitioner Denyse Collins University of South Alabama RETURNING TO schooling TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse practician Introduction There is great profit and reward in returning to nursing school. Returning to nursing school has a positive, transformative, and life-changing effect.This essay will explore factors contributing to nurses returning to school, barriers that returning nursing students might face, 2 support required for successful completion, and my plan for a successful outcome in becoming a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner. give-and- apply Nursing is a career that continues to demonstrate long-term demand. It can rectify job security and provide long-term security. In some Oregon hospitals (I abide in the state of Oregon), the minimal educational indispensablenesss for Registered Nurses will soon be t he Baccalaureate degree. Accordingly, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing recognizes the Bachelor of Science degree in nursing as the minimal educational requirement for professional nursing practice (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 4). Nurses returning to school learn more about the profession theyve chosen. Delightfully, this may result in a change of perspectives of their previously conceived ideas of the meaning of nursing, the world around them, and themselves. Education enhances self-confidence and ones sense of purpose. Being able to say, I did it provides a great sense of accomplishment.In addition, returning to school helps one to improve computer skills, writing ability, and organizational skills. Although RNs felt they returned to school as skilled, wise to(p) and professional practitioners, they reported growing beyond their expectations in areas of knowledge and professionalism, which they felt led the to become more effective change agents and patient advocates (Orsolini-Hain, p. 1). RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE 3 Finding the time to devote to school and studies is a major concern for nurses returning to school.Distance-based and on-line programs arent easier or less intensive than a traditional school setting. Managing time for study, work, family, self-care, and maintaining a home and garden, can be a real balancing act Finding money for school may also complicate matters. There are several financial aid sources. Some of these are tuition reimbursement from employers, scholarships, and federal official grants and loans. The adage it takes a village, can be (humorously), applied to the support one needs to be successful, in returning to, and completing school.While it is not a requirement of success, having the support of family, friends, professors, and classmates, greatly enhances the educational experience and creates comfort and ease during times of stress. My personal plan for success in completing the Psychiatri c Nurse Practitioner program includes time management and organization in regard to study and preparation, becoming proficient in computer skills as an on-line learner, maintaining self-care, and continuing to take pleasure in the process of returning to school.Conclusion The benefits of returning to school, for a higher nursing degree, are enormous. They are both tangible and intangible. One can improve their status in the job market, attain greater degrees of autonomy, and experience the thrill of knowing one has achieved their dream. Furthering ones nursing education enhances ones career and nourishes a sense of self-worth and purpose. The end result is enhanced quality of life for ones self and ones nursing practice, which in turn, benefits others, and ultimately makes the world a little better place.RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE 4 RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE References Blais, K. K. , & Hayes, J. S. (2011). Professional nursing practice Concepts and perspectives (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson. Orsolini-Hain, L. (2008). Whats all the Fuss? Working towards a Baccalaureate or Graduate Degree in Nursing. Retrieved from http//www. nsna. org/careercenter/fuss. aspx 5

Chapter 13an American Renaissance: Religion, Romanticism, and Reform

Chapter 13An American Renaissance Religion, Romanticism, and ameliorate Rational religion 1. The concept of mission in the American character 2. The learning of deism 1. Roots in rationalism and Calvinism 2. Nature of the beliefs 3. The development of Unitarianism 3. Nature of the beliefs 4. agency of William Ellery Channing 5. Creation of American Unitarian Association 4. The development of Universalism 6. office of gutter Murray 7. Nature of the beliefs 8. Comparison with Unitarianism The Second Great Awakening 1. Origins of the revival movement 2. The frontier phase of revivalism 1.Development of the camp meeting 2. Frontier reception of the revivals 3. topic of the Presbyterians 4. Role of the Baptists 5. The Methodists impact 6. Appeal to African Americans 7. Spread of revivals on the frontier 8. Women and revivalism 3. Revivals in western New York State 9. Role of Charles Grandison Finney 10. Nature of Oberlin College 11. The Rise of the Mormons 1. Role of Joseph Smith 2. Characteristics of the church 3. Persecution of Mormons 4. The move to Utah Romanticism in America 12. Nature of the Romantic revolt 13. Transcendentalism as a Romantic facet 5.Nature of Transcendentalism 6. Margaret Fuller 7. Ralph Waldo Emerson 8. Henry David Thoreau 9. The impact of Transcendentalism The flowering of American literature 14. Nathaniel Hawthorne 15. Emily Dickinson 16. Edgar Allan Poe 17. Herman Melville 18. Walt Whitman 19. The popular press 10. Impact of advances in printing applied science 11. Proliferation of newspapers genteelness 20. Level of literacy 21. Early public schools 22. Rising demand for public schools in the 1830s 12. Basis of demand 13. Role of Horace Mann 14. Leadership of North Carolina in the in the south 15. Limited progress 23.Developments in higher education 16. Post-Revolutionary surge in college formation 17. Conflicts over curriculum 18. Slow growth of technical education 24. Education for women Movements for reform 25. Roots of refo rm 26. dryness 19. Heavy consumption of alcohol in the United States 20. Arguments for temperance 21. Early efforts at reform 22. The American Temperance Union 27. Prison reform 23. Growth of public institutions to treat social ills 24. Prevention and rehabilitation versus punishment for crime 25. Auburn prison system 28. Reform in treatment of the insane 6. Early state institutions for the insane 27. Work of Dorothea Dix 29. Crusade for womens rights 28. Catharine Beecher and the cult of domesticity 29. Advantages of domestic role for women 30. Status of women in the antebellum closure 31. Seneca Falls Conference (1848) 32. Hindrances to success 33. Women and the professions 30. Utopian communities 34. Proliferation of utopian communities 35. Nature of the Shaker communities 36. Development and contributions of the Oneida Community 37. Robert Owen and New Harmony 38. The importance of Brook Farm 39. The celestial latitude of utopiaChapter 14 Manifest Destiny I. The Tyler years 1 . Harrisons brief term 2. Tylers position on cut offs 3. Domestic affairs 1. Failure of Clays program 2. Tyler left without a party 4. Foreign affairs 3. Problems with Britain needing solution 1. Suppression of African slave trade 4. Compromises of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty 2. Canada-U. S. borders settled 3. Joint patrols of Africa II. The western frontier 1. The idea of manifest destiny 1. John L. OSullivan 2. The western Indians 2. Plains Indians 3. Pressures from white expansion 3. The Spanish West 4. American attitudes to fightd area . Spanish colony not successful in Texas 4. The Mexican Revolution 6. Movements for independence 7. Opened area for American expansion 5. E. Fur trappers in the Rockies 6. Move to Oregon outlandish 8. Joint occupation with Britain 9. Mass migration of Americans by 1843 7. Eyeing California 10. Beginnings of Spanish settlement 11. Franciscan missions 1. Objectives 2. Results 12. The rancheros 13. Ship trading with the area 14. Sutters colony 8 . Movement to Santa Fe 9. Life on the overland trail 15. Statistics 16. Indians rarely attacked 17. Difficulties 18. Gender roles 19.Great Plains ecology 20. 6. The Donner party 10. Fremonts mapping activities 11. Efforts to acquire California III. Annexing Texas 1. American settlements 1. Role of Stephen F. Austin 2. Mexican edict against immigration 2. Independence for Texas 3. Anglo demands 4. Santa Annas actions 5. Rebellion 3. struggle for Texas independence 6. strife of the Alamo 7. Independence declared 8. Role of Sam Houston 9. Battle of San Jacinto 4. The Republic of Texas 10. President Sam Houston 11. Efforts for annexation 1. Jacksons delayed recognition 2. Calhouns treaty rejected IV. The election of 1844 1.Desire to keep the Texas issue out of the campaign 2. Clays evasion on Texas 3. Democrats nominate a dark horseJames K. Polk 4. Polks victory V. Polks giving medication 1. Polks background 2. Polks program 3. Annexation of Texas by Tyler 4. Oregon demands 1. Britis h hesitancy about war 2. Compromise treaty VI. Mexican War 1. Negotiations with Mexico 2. Provocation of an attack 3. The request for war 4. Opposition to the war 1. In various parts of the country 2. In New England 5. E. Preparation for war 3. man compared 4. Comparisons of other factors 5. Selection of a commander 6. Taylors conquest of northern Mexico . Annexation of California 6. Fremonts efforts 7. Bear Flag Republic 8. Stocktons cry of governorship 9. Kearnys move to California 8. Taylors battles 10. Victory at Monterrey 11. Polks assumptions and suspicions 12. Santa Annas return to power 13. Battle of Buena Vista 14. Taylor granted leave and returns internal 9. Scotts move to Mexico City 15. Amphibious attack on Veracruz 16. Troop reinforcements 17. Attack on Mexico City 10. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 18. Terms of the treaty 19. Ratification 11. The wars legacy 20. Gains and losses 21. Innovations 22. Debate over slavery

Ece 6604 Final Exam

Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECE6604 Personal & supple Communications Final Exam Spring 2010 Tuesday May 6, 1130am 220pm Attempt all questions. All questions be of equal value. Open book, open notes, exam. 1a) 5 mark The LCR at the normalized threshold ? for a 2-D isotropic scattering channel can be expressed as v 2 LR = 2? fm ? e , where ?= ? and Rrms = R ?p = R Rrms E? 2 is the rms envelope level. i) Find the normalized threshold level ? o at which the LCR reaches its maximum value. i) Explain why the LCR at ? decreases as ? deviates from ? o . 1b) 5 marks Consider a cellular system with a carrier frequency of 2 GHz. Suppose that the user is in a vehicle travelling at 60 km/h. Assuming that the channel is characterized by 2D isotropic scattering, ? nd i) the LCR at the normalized level ? = ? 3 dB. ii) the AFD at the normalized level ? = ? 3 dB. 2) The power delay pro? le for a WSSUS channel is given by ? gg (? ) = 0. 51 + cos (2 /T ) , 0, 0 ? ? ? T /2 otherwise a) 3 marks Find the channel frequency correlation function. ) 4 marks Calculate the mean delay and rms delay spread. c) 3 marks If T = 0. 1 ms, determine whether the channel exhibits frequencyselective fading to the GSM system. 3) Cellular CDMA systems use soft hando? , where the transmissions to/from multiple base stations be combined to give a macro-diversity. Here we consider the e? ects of path loss and shadowing and ignore multipathfading. Suppose that the received signal power corresponding to the link with the ith base-station, ? pi , has the hazard density function p? pi (x) = v dBm) (x ? pi (dBm) ) 1 exp ? 2 2 2 2 . where pi (dBm) = E? pi (dBm) The ? pi are assumed to be statistically independent. a) 5 marks The reverse link uses selection combining such that the best basestation is always selected. In this case, ? s p (dBm) An outage occurs if ? s p = max ? p1 (dBm) ? ? th (dBm) , . . . , ? pL (dBm) (dBm) . What is the prospect of outage? b) 5 marks The forward link uses coherent combining such that ? mr(dBm) = ? p1 p (dBm) + . . . + ? pL (dBm) Again, an outage occurs if ? mr(dBm) ? ?th (dBm) .What is the probability of p outage if p1 (dBm) = p2 (dBm) = = pL (dBm) ? 4) Consider the reception of a signal in the presence of a single co-channel interferer and neglect the e? ect of AWGN. The received signal power, C , and interference power, I , due to Rayleigh fading have the exponential distributions 1 ? x/C ? ?e C 1 ? pI (y ) = ? e? x/I I pC (x) = ? ? where C and I are the average received signal power and interference power, respectively. a) 5 marks Assuming that C and I are independent random variables, ? d the probability density function for the carrier-to-interference ratio ? = C . I Hint If X and Y are independent random variables, then the probability density function of U = X/Y is pU (u) = pXY (v, v/u)v/u2 dv . b) 5 marks this instant suppose that the system uses 2- dissever selection diversity . The branches are independent and balanced (i. e. , the distribution pU (u) is the same for each branch. What is the probability density function of ? at the proceeds of the selective combiner? 5) Suppose that a system uses selection diversity.The branches experience independent Rayleigh fading. However, the average received bit energy-to-noise ratio on each diversity branch is di? erent, such that ?i = 2? i ? o ? i = 1, . . . , L a) 5 marks Find the probability density function of the bit energy-to-noise ratio at s the output of the selective combiner, denoted by ? b . b) 5 marks If DPSK modulation is used, write down an expression for the probability of bit error. witness a closed-form expression if possible otherwise leave your expression in integral form.

Choice of Software Essay

Below is a list of possible solvents to this assignment and with them there are the disadvantages and advantages. After exhaustively analysing these choices I will pick the best option.DatabaseAdvantagesUsing a selective informationbase is a very simple option. intimately every employee with start too oft guidance could drug abuse the closure to enter data and carry out the basic operations. Using the database wizard, the data can be input into a table and the field types could be declared. Thus would make data entry effective and unsophisticated. The built-in features of a database will diminish the lay on the line of errors during the input process. Adding a new record to a database would be simple as entering it underneath the previous record. Report can also be easily printed off from a database and are esthetically pleasing in appearance al enouncey without the need of major modification.Data validation is also a key area of this project and a database already has the c ourtingable data validation methods pre-set end enter into the core of the database application.DisadvantagesFunctions such as the might to carry out complex mathematical calculations are not necessarily included in a database application. To everywherecome this irregularity the database would cede to be cross- connect to a spreadsheet application. This would of hunt multiply the workload and the size of the task, which would be pointless. Also, opposite features of a database are fairly limited. This would therefore stringent that the database system could not be adequately adapted to tackle the problem. This solution could hear to be expensive. moneymaking(prenominal) packetAdvantagesCommercial Software programs are generally simple and well conform to to the problem at hand to around extent. They are easy to use and come with extensive help guides to modify the functions and utilities to suit the and help the end substance ab drug user and also include suitable traini ng materials and tasks for IT illiteratesDisadvantagesThe costs of these Commercial Software programs are quite high. The features of these are not suitable for a task of this build and even with major modification would not be completely suitable and would be prone to error. Such programs do not have validation methods built-in and do not allow for addition of such Add-ons. This would be a stumbling block to the whole program and the quality of the program would suffer as a result. This solution could prove to be expensive.Spreadsheet SystemAdvantagesA spreadsheet System would be a more obvious solution. Such a spreadsheet would be able to be implemented with alleviation. The outstanding feature of a spreadsheet over the other options is the ability to enter and manipulate complex mathematical formulae and the ability to process numerical values without too much effort. All of the task could be completed at bottom this one package without the need for integration with other progra ms and partial embedding extra programs. This can be implemented by the fact that the sheets can be link up to each other. Reports can be easily printed out via the macro feature of the spreadsheet.DisadvantagesTo be able to use the spreadsheet, the unwritten rules of manipulating formula within a spreadsheet have to be mastered. Exact placement of cells and macros would have to be recorded. The spreadsheet system layout is fairly difficult to follow. This solution could prove to be expensive.Bespoke ProgramAdvantagesThe advantages of creating a trim program using a high level/imperative programming language is that the styles, functions and forms of the screens can be manipulated to suit the end users. The program would come with extensive help guides and instruction for the end users. The screens would de stick outed specifically using extensive research techniques to gather information for the program and to meet the users requirements and create a easy interface. Behind this user-friendly interface, all of the required formulae and utilities could be implemented. The cost of creating a bespoke program is most none after purchasing the software to create such a program with its official license, which is a great advantage over the previous examples.DisadvantagesThe besides obvious disadvantage to such a solution would be the time taken to complete the task. After the initial research and design period, the whole design and implementation of the program and extensive testing could take 3-4 months to be fully implemented.Online Web-Based SolutionAdvantagesThe advantages of using on online system is that the system does not have to be limited to one machine or a local network of computers but this accessibility can be enlarged and accessed all over the existence by the right personnel. Security can be maintained my strenuous password and security checks and net I.P. addresses can be recorded and monitored. Integration of spreadsheets needs to be implem ented into such a Web-Based Solution.DisadvantagesIf this solution were to be implemented, it would be a very foolish decision. The fact that it can be accessed all over the world maybe appealing at first, but what if the security of the website is overcome and the marks of hundreds if not thousands of students could be modified by a lone teenager with a bit of effort. This would bring the whole scheme into disrepute and affect the future of m whatsoever students. Apart from the security concerns of this solution, the fact that it needs to be linked to a spreadsheet so that calculations can be carried out successfully is an unpleasant feature to this exaggerated solution. Reports could be printed to an extent but the design would be very unprofessional if not amateurish as any user can do this. This solution could prove to be expensive.Paper-Based SystemAdvantagesThere are no real advantages of a paper-based system apart from the fact that it is a method of recording the informatio nDisadvantagesThe disadvantages include the inability to save information in a professional manner. Sheets could be misplaced. Only one user can use the system at once. Handwriting can be a problem to read and understand. Also mistakes can easily occur much to the despair of students.Chosen SolutionOne subject to realise is that no problem has a solution, which is 100% perfect. This is true for the problem at hand as well. As they all have some disadvantages it is the one, which has the most advantages and the least disadvantages. That seems obvious enough to me that is why I have chosen to create own program using the BESPOKE PROGRAM option.The reasons why have chosen this option is because it is a sensible option and it can be suitably implemented and intentional to the users requirements as it can be manipulated and shaped to perfection. Also it is not that costly so it will uphold the bank manager happy, which would not have been the case if I had gone with the other optionsT he layout of the forms could be suited to use the user and I would not have to add features, which are not required by the users. The feedback from the users can be used to design the type of inputs and outputs they require from the program and how they would like to enter the data and then output the information in the form of the reports. This also enables me to create a versatile and progressive solution to the problem.The reasons why I have not used some of the other possible solutions is some of them are not practical while others are surreal The idea of incorporating two programs to work unitedly with each other appears to be out of the question, as it would make life hard for the end user then the current methods they are using. Also some of the solutions suggest features, which could affect the integrity of the data within the organisation and allow it to be prone to hacking and malicious damage from external sources. Other solutions do not have the necessary features to c arry out this task. This is why I have eliminated these solutions when considering which solution to use and the only one that seemed practical would be the BESPOKE PROGRAM option.

Mazda Case, Advertisment And Promotion

1. break the role of unified merchandise communications in the grocerying of automobiles such as the Mazda Protg and MAZDA6. How is each IMC agent calld to market automobiles? The role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protg and MAZDA6 had a major jolt of Mazda as a company. For each elevator car ( standard), they made an exhaustive market research, they studied what were the best channel to deliver a message and what was the market looking for.Establishing market objectives that Mazda precious was to increase their sales by repositioning the Protg model and the filth as a whole, giving it a bracing jr. look. Mazda rangeed community round 20-30, who treasured something hip, fun and freshly but at the akin time bona fide and affordable. When they launch the Mazda6 the campaign targeted a distinguishable market because it was a raw(a) model. They wanted people that were antithetical from the some other car mo dels that they had in the market, a person that was looking for luxury and comfort.The integrate Marketing communications plan for the protg tried to position it as a car for the youth, coquetful and hip, something polar for the market, the other brands were non considering the postulates of young women. Mazda tried to market the Mazda6 as a refined, sporty car, for a more(prenominal) than hop on audience who were looking for luxury. The marketing mix was dodging, which promoted the car in all the take the target market most likely visit.Evaluation of the campaign after proving the campaign of the protg they made some adjustments to the IMC plan, exploitation a stronger campaign and finding in the way the motto of the whole brand, Zoom-Zoom. 2. Evaluate Mazdas stopping point to be sick the constitute in. Be Moved tagline for the Protg and adopt the Zoom-Zoom theme for its advertizing. Mazdas decisiveness to drop the Get In. Be Moved tagline for the Proteg and adopt th e Zoom-Zoom theme for its publicise was a great idea. It made it easier to observe with the brand. Customers could non identify with the Get In.Be Moved when Mazda rolled out with the Zoom-Zoom them. They could not use two ads because it was move two different messages to their customers. When Mazda first came out with the Zoom-Zoom ad it was just for whizz car model. We think it was a great idea that they made it unison across the line for all their car brands. Once mortal here the Zoom-Zoom they could identify with the brand. 3. Evaluate the scheme Mazda is using to advertise the juvenile MAZDA6 sports sedan. Do you agree with the termination to use a more senesce and less playful speak to for the MAZDA6?MAZDA6 was thought as nonp beil of the most important launches in Mazdas history. It competes the mid-size segment of automobile market where most cars sell for around $25,000. MAZDA6s target customer in this segment is a mid-30s car enthusiast, although not to the e xtreme, who lives an active lifestyle. The ad system used by Mazda Company should focus on those target customers. From the positive side, the advertising schema for the MAZDA6 is that it departed from the approach used for the Protg, as it involved what the company describes as a more turn effort.The strategy used by Mazda for the MAZDA6 utilized a heavily integrated communications program. affect advertising accounted for 12 percent of the overall budget with ads being run in enthusiast magazines as headspring as in lifestyle magazines and newspapers. However, from the negative side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that the advertising failed to highlight the inequality surrounded by MAZDA6 and the sedans under other brand such as Honda. Customers may have knowledge rough the MAZDA6 are less mature than the Protg.From their advertising, it will let customers feel unsure about both the Protg and MAZDA6, if the Zoom-Zoom line showed up in the campaigns. Also, th e advertising has broadly printed. The advertising is not precise comely on MAZDA6s target customers, if the advertising was used on ESPN. The target customer of ESPN may infringe with the purpose to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. In all, the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan was unable to fully satisfy with its mission. I do not agree with the finish to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6.First of all, the new MAZDA6 is sports sedan. Both MAZDA6 and Protg are passing similar to each other in performance. Meanwhile, compared with MAZDA6s competitors, the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6 is almost the same to others. The MAZDA6 is arduous to be recognized by customers. Also, the MAZDA6s target customers are the mid-30s. This mid-30s generally consists of mature and playful. If the decision is about using a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6, its target customersmay be mid-40s instead of mid-30s.Therefore, I do not agree with the current decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. 4. What recommendations would you make to Mazda regarding its integrated marketing communications strategy as the company moves forward? If I had to fork up some recommendations at Mazdas people about the marketing communication strategy they need to follow, I could given to them the below suggestions Mazda needs to be focused individual to everyone target pigeonholing that they want to be addressed.Every car is not for everyone, so they need to use different ways to attract different group of people. Mazda need to separate the marketing plans, depending the average wage of the consumers, the age, the sex, the lifestyle, and the solid ground that they want to sell a model or the season. Mazda needs to be part of the peoples life. The only way to achieve that is to undertake hard to promote its product as much t hey sewer with no stop for long time. Mazdas people need to use the TV commercial and the ads to play in the screen hours that the consumers are main office and bathroom watch them.They need to use social media via profits and share their products online. In our days the bulk of the people, it doesnt matter the age use the Internet and they impact from that. Also, they can use blogs online to express new ideas about their models or to ask about people opinion. Furthermore, Mazda can inform the old customers or people who havent tried yet the experience of this brand with newsletters at their homes, about news from the car market and specific for the Mazda Company.To continue with, Mazda can try to see people who used in the knightly Mazda or new customers for seminars and talk to them about new models and new technology. Also, they can give them the chance for runnel drive in new cars with no any cost. The privy(p) of the successful marketing communication strategy is the m otivation and the trust that you can transfer to the consumers inside your forwarding and your advertisement. That is not easy and takes time and need a lot of patient from Mazda to achieve this goal.Mazda Case, Advertisment And PromotionAnalyze the role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protege and MAZDA6. How is each IMC element used to market automobiles? The role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protege and MAZDA6 had a major impact of Mazda as a company. For each car (model), they made an exhaustive market research, they studied what were the best channels to deliver a message and what was the market looking for.Establishing market objectives that Mazda wanted was to increase their sales by repositioning the Protege model and the brand as a whole, giving it a new younger look. Mazda targeted people around 20-30, who wanted something hip, fun and new but at the same ti me reliable and affordable. When they launch the Mazda6 the campaign targeted a different market because it was a new model. They wanted people that were different from the other car models that they had in the market, a person that was looking for luxury and comfort.The Integrated Marketing Communications plan for the protege tried to position it as a car for the youth, playful and hip, something different for the market, the other brands were not considering the needs of young women. Mazda tried to market the Mazda6 as a refined, sporty car, for a more mature audience who were looking for luxury. The marketing mix was strategy, which promoted the car in all the channels the target market most likely visit.Evaluation of the campaign after proving the campaign of the protege they made some adjustments to the IMC plan, developing a stronger campaign and finding in the way the motto of the whole brand, Zoom-Zoom. 2. Evaluate Mazdas decision to drop the Get in. Be Moved tagline for th e Protege and adopt the Zoom-Zoom theme for its advertising. Mazdas decision to drop the Get In. Be Moved tagline for the Protege and adopt the Zoom-Zoom theme for its advertising was a great idea. It made it easier to identify with the brand.Customers could not identify with the Get In.Be Moved when Mazda rolled out with the Zoom-Zoom them. They could not use both ads because it was move two different messages to their customers. When Mazda first came out with the Zoom-Zoom ad it was just for one car model. We think it was a great idea that they made it unison across the line for all their car brands. Once someone here the Zoom-Zoom they could identify with the brand. 3. Evaluate the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan. Do you agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6MAZDA6 was thought as one of the most important launches in Mazdas history. It competes the mid-size segment of automobile market where most ca rs sell for around $25,000. MAZDA6s target customer in this segment is a mid-30s car enthusiast, although not to the extreme, who lives an active lifestyle. The advertising strategy used by Mazda Company should focus on those target customers. From the positive side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that it departed from the approach used for the Protege, as it involved what the company describes as a more mature effort.The strategy used by Mazda for the MAZDA6 utilized a heavily integrated communications program. Print advertising accounted for 12 percent of the overall budget with ads being run in enthusiast magazines as well as in lifestyle magazines and newspapers. However, from the negative side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that the advertising failed to highlight the difference between MAZDA6 and the sedans under other brand such as Honda. Customers may have knowledge about the MAZDA6 are less mature than the Protege.From their advertising, it will let customers feel unsure about both the Protege and MAZDA6, if the Zoom-Zoom line showed up in the campaigns. Also, the advertising has broadly printed. The advertising is not precise enough on MAZDA6s target customers, if the advertising was used on ESPN. The target customer of ESPN may conflict with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. In all, the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan was unable to fully satisfy with its mission. I do not agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6.First of all, the new MAZDA6 is sports sedan. Both MAZDA6 and Protege are highly similar to each other in performance. Meanwhile, compared with MAZDA6s competitors, the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6 is almost the same to others. The MAZDA6 is difficult to be recognized by customers. Also, the MAZDA6s target customers are the mid-30s. This mid-30s generally co nsists of mature and playful.If the decision is about using a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6, its target customersmay be mid-40s instead of mid-30s. Therefore, I do not agree with the current decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. 4. What recommendations would you make to Mazda regarding its integrated marketing communications strategy as the company moves forward? If I had to give some recommendations at Mazdas people about the marketing communication strategy they need to follow, I could given to them the below suggestions Mazda needs to be focused individual to everyone target group that they want to be addressed.Every car is not for everyone, so they need to use different ways to attract different group of people. Mazda need to separate the marketing plans, depending the average wage of the consumers, the age, the sex, the lifestyle, and the country that they want to sell a model or the season. Mazda needs to be part of the peoples life. The only way to achieve that is to try hard to promote its product as much they can with no stop for long time. Mazdas people need to use the TV commercial and the ads to play in the screen hours that the consumers are home and can watch them.They need to use social media via Internet and share their products online. In our days the majority of the people, it doesnt matter the age use the Internet and they affected from that. Also, they can use blogs online to express new ideas about their models or to ask about people opinion. Furthermore, Mazda can inform the old customers or people who havent tried yet the experience of this brand with newsletters at their homes, about news from the car market and specific for the Mazda Company.To continue with, Mazda can try to invite people who used in the past Mazda or new customers for seminars and talk to them about new models and new technology. Also, they can give them the chance for test drive in new cars with no any cost. T he secret of the successful marketing communication strategy is the motivation and the trust that you can transfer to the consumers inside your promotion and your advertisement. That is not easy and takes time and need a lot of patient from Mazda to achieve this goal.

Poverty as a Challenge Class Ix Ncert

sorryness As A Challenge Class IX NCERT (CBSE) Economics (Social Science) Chapter 3, Poverty As A Challenge Class IX, NCERT (CBSE) Economics Text view as Exercise Questions- dissolvers Q. 1 Describe how the beggary bound is estimated in India. Ans In India penury line is measured or calculated considering the adjacent factors required for subsistence 1. Minimum level of food unavoidableness, 2. Clothing 3. Footwear 4. Fuel and Light 5. Education and 6. aesculapian requirement etc. These physical quantities be multiplied by their prices.The infix formula for food requirement is based on the desired calorie requirement. On the basis of these calculations in 1999 2000, the need line in the rural atomic number 18as was fixed Rs. 328 per capita per month and in urban argonas, it was Rs. 454. People earning more than this amount were considered above the leanness line and earning less than this amount were considered as living below the poverty line. Q. 2 Do you commend th at present methodology of poverty idea is let? Ans The present methodology of poverty estimation does not look appropriate.It only takes 1 factor in view and that is the economic factor. Moreover it considers nearly a borderline subsistence level of living rather than a fair level of living. Poverty has some(prenominal) dimensions. It is no longer confined to economic factors alone. With development, the definitions of what constitutes poverty also changes. Its concept has broadened to human poverty. A some persons may have been able to feed themselves but if they are without education, without shelter, without health-care, without moving in security, without self-confidence, without cordial partakeity, they are considered poor.If poverty is to be removed in real sense and the people are to be brought above the poverty line, not only that we need to increase their income but also, we have to provide the people with education, shelter, health-care, job-security, respect, di gnity all. therefore, the present methodology of poverty estimation needs to be modified and broadened in order to make it an appropriate method. Q. 3 Describe poverty slips in India since 1973. Ans As per the data given in the book in that location is a substantial decline in poverty ratio in India from 55 per centum in 1973 to 36 percent in 1993.There was further decline from 36 percent in 1993 to 26 percent in 2000. Although the number of poor people remained stable (about 320 million) in the earlier two decades (1973 to 1993), there was significant lessening in the number of the poor to about 260 million till 2000. If the present trend continues, the people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 percent in the next few years. Q. 4 Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India. Ans There are various reasons for poverty in India which are outlined below (1) Prolonged Colonial AdministrationThe policies of British Colonial government shattered the Indian economy s o much that it could not be revived until the 1980s. (2) Unabated Population Growth The failures to promote both the required economic growth and population domination have been the main cause of poverty today. (3) Illiteracy Illiteracy is also an important cause of poverty in our country. (4) Disparity in the Ownership of Land-holdings The unequal distribution of land, lack of land resources and failure in the proper carrying out of land reform policies have been the major causes of poverty in rural areas. (5) UnemploymentLack of job security and unemployment are opposite causes. (6) Widening Inequalities of Income This is a feature of high poverty. Money has been concentrating in few hands, thus rendering a majority of people poor. (7) Slow Growth of Employment Opportunities Despite the implementation of various employment generating platforms our government has failed to provide the necessary employment opportunities. (8) Socio-cultural Factors In order to fulfill social ob ligations such as marriage etc. and religious ceremonies people in India including the poor spend a lot of money which makes some people even poorer.Q. 5 Identify the social and economic groups which are most vulnerable to poverty in India. Ans Social Groups vulnerable to Poverty in India (1) schedule Castes households. (2) Scheduled Tribes households. Economic Groups vulnerable to Poverty (1) Rural Agricultural lying-in households. (2) Urban Casual labour households. Q. 6 Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India. Ans Poverty in India is not the same in every state. The success rate of reducing poverty varies from state to state create inter-state disparities in poverty level.Orissa, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh are the three poorest states in India with their people living below poverty line being 47, 42 and 37 percent respectively. Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh are the three better-off states in India as far as the poverty is concerned. Q. 7 Des cribe global poverty trends. Ans There have been substantial reduction in global poverty, but there are regional disparities described below (1) Poverty declined in China and South-East Asian countries as a result of rapid economic growth and huge investments in the development of human resources. 2) In Latin America, the ratio of poverty remained almost the same. (3) In sub-Saharan Africa, poverty saw an upward trend rather than a downward trend. It rose from 41% in 1981 to 46% in 2001. (4) Poverty ha surfaced itself in some of the former socialist countries standardized Russia, where at one time it was non-existent. Q. 8 Describe current government strategy of poverty alleviation. Ans Removal of poverty has one of the major objectives of Indian developmental strategy. The current government strategy of poverty alleviation is based on two planks (1) Promotion of Economic Growth 2) Targeted Anti-poverty Programmes Some of the anti-poverty programmes undertaken by government at p resent are discussed below Prime Ministers Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) Started in 1993, this programme aims to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed spring chicken in rural areas and small towns. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) Launched in 2000, this aims to create and improve basic services like master(a) health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification. subject Food for Work programme (NFWP)Launched in 2004 in 150 most backward districts of the country, this programme is open to all rural poor who are in need of wage employment and desired to do manual unskilled work. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) This act was passed in September 2005. The act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts. Later, the plot will be extended to 600 districts and also one third to the proposed jobs would be reserved for women. Q. 9 Answer the following questions briefly (i ) What do you understand by human poverty? ii) Who are the poorest of the poor? (iii) What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005? Ans (i) Poverty is multi-dimensional problem. As per the positive concept of poverty, a person is considered poor if his or her income falls below a given minimum level. But human poverty is not confined to economic factors alone. With development, the definitions of what constitutes poverty also changes. The formalised definition of poverty considers only a minimum subsistence level of living rather than a reasonable level of living.Many scholars advocate that the concept of human poverty must be broadened and should be looked through other social indicators like illiteracy level, lack of general resistance due to mal-nutrition, lack of access to resources like health-care, safe drinking water, job opportunities, sanitation, lack of self-confidence without social equality etc. (ii) Women, children (especially the gi rl child) and older people in a poor family are regarded as the poorest of the poor because they are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family. (iii) Refer to the answer of Q. 8 above.

Death Penalty Abolishment Essay

In todays introduction, money is a source for mostly everything. It is what keeps nourishment on the table and what keeps most great deal going to work. With how hard people work to earn and take an income, it would be nice to know where the money taken in taxes goes. accord to the Center on calculate and Policy Priorities (2014), the unify States spent 50 billion dollars on the Department of Corrections. 35% of that total was utilize for capital penalisation cases, which totals out to 17.5 billion dollars used in one year towards capital penalization in the United States. A large portion of those funds being used are glide slope from state and federal taxes collected from hard working U.S. citizens. That 17.5 billion dollars could be used for a lot break out things then court cases. State legislatures still allowing the expiration penalty need to abolish the practice breaker point to degrade state taxes, fix prison house structures, and assist redirect funds to bett er locations. The pure(a) abolition of capital punishment would be a large driving force to lower state taxes. jibe to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the average state tax for middle class families or individuals is 9%. (2014). Using California as an example, out of that 9%, 3% goes to the states Department of Corrections. Out of that 3%, 2% of that is fed into public defenders, court room hearings and cases, extra security for cobblers last path stings, as rise up as their food, living quarters, and special transportation.That is a lot of costly measures for a single person when you expect at numbers. In regards to where the rest of those taxes goes, .5% goes to public safety, .25% goes towards state education services, and 1% goes towards public transportation (California get on with of equalization, 2014). If the state continues to use executions as a method of punishment, the percentage going towards corrections go forth completely rise. If it continues to rise, either taxes will go up or the state will have to pull from education, nip responders, and public transportation. If you look at the state of Michigan, who did abolish capital punishment, income tax is a little different. correspond to Michigans Department of Treasury (2014), the income tax is 7% for middle class families and individuals. Of that already lower 7%, only 1.55% goes towards the states Department of Corrections, with .75% going towards education and .75% going towards public safety. Taxes will forever and a day be thereand likely be somewhat high but the states without capital punishment generally have a lower rate with better allocation of the funds.Capital punishment is creating an cash machine of higher costs all around, which have to come from somewhere. Current prison structures are taking a large hit due to capital punishment that usually goes unseen. Unfortunately it takes a major matter such as a prison guards death to point out the prison structure issues. The average guard to yardbird symmetry varies from state to state. In the best conditions the guard to inmate ratio will be 15, in worse case situations, some states are before long 120. Whereas some states require a minimum of 11 guard to inmate ratio for death course inmates (Mitchell, 2012). Those guards are being paid next to nothing compared to the costs taking carry around them. Taking a look at what it costs to maintain a prison mess be staggering. It costs an average of about $47,000 per year to incarcerate an inmate in prison in California (Edwards, 2009). That number skyrockets for a death row inmate. California taxpayers pay $90,000 to a greater extent per death row prisoner each year than on prisoners in regular confinement (Mitchell, 2012).With just over 3,000 people on death row, that places a yearly $270,000,000 extra that has to be placed on death row inmates. That extra money is needed for the court hearings, extra security, singled out specific cells, and an entire area of a prison just for them. According to the Bureau of fullice Statistics, the average time someone spends on death row is 14 years (2011). If you take the 14 year average, each death row inmate is be their state roughly $1,260,000 prior to execution. If the total amount of death row inmates is taken into account, it is costing the nations tax payers roughly 3.78 billion dollars over the course of 14 years to look out through with the quick fix to murderers. Those funds could help restructure the prisons, creating a safer environment for the guards to be in. According to Ron McAndrew (2014), a former state prison warden, Guards are never in a fair venture situation, they are trained to be outnumbered, which is a horrible thing to think about, we are hiring them and placing them in that anatomy of situation because we do not have a choice. Removing capital punishment allows for the removal of death row. If death row is removed, it would allow all those extra security measures and guards to be used for general population and overall prison security. With all the money being spent on capital punishment related issues, the complete abolishmentof it would allow states to place that money where it would greatly help.According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United States ranks 33 in reading, 27 in math, and 22 in science amongst the rest of the countries in the world (2011). Imagine what some of that money being used for capital punishment could do for the United States as a whole when vex into education. A portion of the extra money could potentially be put towards emergency responder services. Those funds could cause faster response times, better equipment, and better and more much trained personnel. As a whole that could potentially save lives. Another area that would better enormously due to the relocation of funds is medical facilities. Most medical facilities in the United States are always short- staffed, underpaid, and have issues maintaining. Lives could potentially be lost due to slow response times or understaffed hospitals (Sarat, 2009). The funds could go towards providing better public transportation or for some states, providing it period. That money could also slap-up up streets, provide better roadways, and overall safer environments on roads.It could even be used to provide more jobs for a state or not be used at all and go moxie into the taxpayers pocket. Any of those options are far better than spending millions of dollars to dispose of a violent criminal. Just allow him to live his life out in prison. When you simplify all of the statistics and information, it comes down to a genuine amount of money being pushed into capital punishment that comes out of the taxpayers pocket and goes into an unnecessary location. notwithstanding though more and more states are slowly abolishing the death penalty it is still staggering how much it is costing the country as a whole. That money could do so much more for those stirred states and the state services they provide to the public. So if state legislatures abolish the death penalty, it could lower state taxes, help correct issues in prison structures and help redirect funds to where they are needed.ReferencesMitchell, P. (2008, June). Death Penalty Debacle. Retrieved appalling 15, 2014, from http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/LoyolaCalifCosts.pdfEdwards, A. (2009, February). Annual Cost to Incarcerate. In Criminal Justiceand Judiciary. Retrieved August 16, 2014, from http//www.lao.ca.gov/PolicyAreas/CJ/6_cj_inmatecostSnell, T. (2014, May). Capital Punishment Statistical Tables. In Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved August 17, 2014, from http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/cp12st.pdfSarat, A. (2008). Is the Death Penalty Dying?. Amsterdam Elsevier JAI.Horton, J. E. (2014, January). Detailed Description of the sales & Use Tax Rate. In California State Board of Equalization. Retri eved September 1, 2014, from http//www.boe.ca.gov/news/sp111500att.htmWhite, G. (2014, January). Michigan Equalization Information 2014. In Michigan Department of Treasury. Retrieved September 2, 2014, from http//www.michigan.gov/taxes/0,4676,7-238-43535_43537-154825,00.htmlMcAndrew, R. (2014, October 23) From Executioner to Advocate Ron McAndrewRetrieved from http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_Ld9ffm_pY

Cheat Sheet MDM Risk analysis

Decisions based on them are dangerous A single request only ever describes us what the just of two cases is, neer what happens in the midst of the two cases Poor comelyness of downside hazard poor weigh careing of upside opportunity 2) Scenario abstract Define your scenarios best-worst-base There are a shop of results stop consonant if risk makes a difference 3) Use distributions for the uncertainties to describe key risk drivers distinguish distribution based on historical data or expert opinion Distribution is consequential for the simulation based on the given distribution, the simulator ill be more/less likely to nibble reduces in specific eye sockets Uniform same probability of all reckons in a given position Triangle point within the range is much more likely than the opposite points Normal you know the middle point but it could be off by X in either direction 4) Run (at)Risk ( three-card monte-Carlo simulation) Define distributions (step 3) Define product ion cell fir which to simulate results Things to figure out for Mean of objective variable (usually NAP) Compare results with scenario results (atrias will give better indication of the range than the scenarios tactile sensation at full range of outcomes Look at standard deviation and at combine range Look at downside risk and upside electromotive force. What is % of being above/below specific number? What is breakable probability? What is the distribution like? Perform Monte-Carlo simulation to Evaluate different potential outcomes date anticipate result, range of results, probability of results (e. G. Probability of break-even), downside risk, etc.. Advantages avoid the Flaw of Averages, understand the risk, test your intuition 5) predisposition psychodepth psychology Purpose Examine predisposition of results when model parameters are varied Observe change in results due to change in assumptionsIdentify main hesitancy drivers / key risk drivers Methodology What-if analys is (simple changing of numbers to see what happens) One-way & two-way sensitivity analysis Tornado diagrams One-way & two-way sensitivity analysis Use one-way sensitivity analysis (data table) to check how changes to a variable effect the output variable. Use Goal Seek to find breakable point of that variable. Use two-way sensitivity analysis (data table) to check for changes in two different variables at the same time Tornado diagram Check for impact of each variable / parameter, sorted in order of magnitude Shows you on which variables you should focus almost, where the most important risks lie Some Excel info points Simulation settings EXAMPLE QUESTIONS ON RISK outline 1 .In what type of decision context could risk analysis be customful and why may it be dangerous to rely on single point forecasts? What techniques skunk you use to overcome the problems of such(prenominal) forecasts? How do you decide what technique is most appropriate to use? Every business decision entails risk dangerous A single point only ever tells us what the average Of two cases is, never what happens between the two cases Example answer for this part These numbers are based on the average scenario which is not necessarily representative of the true value (argue why could over- or underestimate). Furthermore, they do not tell us anything about the risk.Technique scenario analysis or simulation 2. Explain in your own words how Monte Carlo Simulation could be useful to a decision maker Evaluate different possible outcomes Averages, understand the risk, test your intuition 3. Explain how the simulation process works to produce results that are useful to a decision maker Example answer This is different from the E,250 that Carolinas predecessor estimated because the original estimate was made using only single-value estimates for each of the variables.However, by using a Monte Carlo simulation that allows for a range of possible values (with a triangular distribution to account f or the amplyer likelihood of the values Of 5% and 20% for economy and business, respectively). This means that, based on 1 ,OHO iterations of possible combinations for each of the variables as per the arranging commentary of the potential values for each variable under each iteration, the mean of the cost is E 10,277. 4. A friend of yours has just learned about simulation methods and has asked you to conduct a complicated risk analysis to help her making a choice. She said she would be happy to let you solve the problem and past recommend what action she should take. Explain why she needs to be involved in the analysis and manakin process and what kind of information you need from her.Risk analysis requires information about the characteristics of a particular uncertainty (e. G. Shape of probability striation function, range of likely values etc) 5. A simulation model has produced the future(a) three risk profiles displayed below. What advice would you give to the decision make r on the basis of this output? Choice depends on risk attitude, personal wealth, importance of bear success and cost of investment alternative. Alternative C has the highest associated payoff. However, range of possible payoffs is quite large. The steeper the shape of the probability distribution function, the smaller the range of possible expected payoffs (look at standard deviation of outcomes).Consider 5% confidence interval of most likely payoffs. Alternative A has quite a big confidence interval with relatively flat slope at the edges. Look at intersection of B and C and argue which one is less risky. 6. Your boss has asked you to work up a simulation model to examine the uncertainty regarding the success or failure of five different investment projects. He provides probabilities for the success of each project separately (numbers given). Because the projects are run by hatful in different segments of their investment market, you both agree that it would be reasonable to bel ieve that, given these probabilities, he outcomes of the projects are independent.He points out, however, that he really is not fully confident in these probabilities and that they could be off by as much as 0. 05 in either direction on any given probability. (a) How can you incorporate this uncertainty about the probabilities in the simulation model? Use form distributions for each project with Sd= 0. 05 (b) Now suppose he changes probability to include ranges. How can you update your simulation model to take this additional information into account? Update probability distributions triangle, discrete, uniform, average Example answer He should use historical data and his expert judgment to estimate the distribution of inputs. He should apply a normal distribution if the different values are independent of each other.Example for normal distribution argument However, since the number of high quality applications is the sum of the individual decisions whether or not to apply/ of a s ubstantial heart and soul of high caliber young professionals, and since this decision is taken by each potential applicant to a large extend independently of each other, the normal distribution with mean 630 seems reasonable. Moreover, given the potential range of high quality applications is between 51 0 and 750, a standard deviation of 60 seems reasonable that is, the range of 240 students corresponds to 4 standard deviations. Since the proportion of offers accepted is again the sum of many individual decisions, the normal distribution with mean 58% and standard deviation of 2% might be reasonable. 7. Interpret the chase risk analysis result tables ask at Minimum, expected, maximum, P( freeing) = x % (downside risk), P( X) = Y% (upside potential) 8. Interpret sensitivity analysis Describe how output variable is sensitive to given assumptions/parameters.Describe how output variable minimizes and maximizes with the different scenarios what is the upside potential and downside ris k Example answer The total cost decreases by El ,800 for each 5% outgrowth in the business class no- evidence rate from 15% to 20% (at which point it is minimized), but because increases by E,700 per percentage point increase from 20% to 30%. The rate Of increase is consistent disregardless of the rate of economy no-show. (could include more insights ) The two-way sensitivity table and the accompanying chart show us that in the lower ranges of the possible no-show rates, the total cost is sensitive to both variables in fairly similar proportion, until the optimum combination (I. E. The minimized cost) is reached at 5% economy and 20% business. aft(prenominal) this inflection point, the total cost becomes much more sensitive to changes in the business class no-show rate. 9.Describe, compare and explain the shape of a distribution. Risk profile probability of making a loss vs. a profit Minimum versus maximum Variance Size of 90% confidence interval most the mean Expected return mean average) Include arguments why distributions might differ with different scenarios 1 0) Make recommendation based on the results. Will usually be trade-off between high risk for higher return on average and lower risk for lower return on average Include risk profiles, probabilities, maximum and minimum numbers Example answer The form _or_ system of government that we direct recommended is better than the others, because it has the lowest average total cost.Furthermore, the 95% confidence interval has the narrowest range of possible values, as well as the lowest probability that costs will exceed El 7,000. However, even though our recommended policy is better overall, it is not necessarily going to be the best on each individual flight. However, this doses t matter since the average cost is the single most important criterion when choosing a policy because you have 365 * 4 flights per year. One additional insight you could generate is the simulated cost difference between the current and suggested policies. The new policy is worse than the original policy 6% of the times. 1 1) What can be further done to improve profitability and manage the risks involved?

Comparison of the MLA and the APA Writing Formats Essay

Comparison of the MLA and the APA Writing Formats - Essay congressmanSeveral typography formats halt been created to organize registers that have utilize other sources for research. Two popular formats be the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American Psychological Association (APA). The Modern Language Association was founded in 1833 as an advocacy organization for the study of literature and modern language. Its seat of origin is at the trick Hopkins University (Georgia southerly University, n.d.). MLA is the format recommended for use in paternitys in the humanities (philosophy, history, literature and communication) (University of Massachussets Libraries, 1999). It is the writing format used by newsletter reporters, journalists, literature teachers, teachers in Linguistics and researchers in the fields of Mass Communicaiton and Media Studies (Georgia Southern State University, n.d.). On the other hand, The American Psychological Association was founded in 1892 in Clark University in Worchester, mamma by 26 men. The university president at that time was G. Stanley Hall, a psychologist (Georgia Southern State University, n.d.). The association has endorsed a documentation style designed for many social science and related documents (Anthropology, Education, Liguistics, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology). It is used for writing medical reports, psychology papers, and researchers in the fields of Science, Criminal Justice and Economics, among others. Aside from the citation of sources, writing formats also have instructions for writing end-of-text references, headings, etc. This essay will focus on the writing of in-text citations. General Rules Generally, in-text citations follow sentences of ideas that come from some other source, enclosed in parenthesis. For APA, the authors last chance upon and the year of publication are indicated. For example Dawson (2009) contends that people are motivated when they enjoy their work and have the strong drive to execute the goals they set for themselves. It can also be written in another way People are motivated when they enjoy their work and have the strong drive to achieve the goals they set for themselves (Dawson, 2009). The general idea of this sentence was taken from a source authored by Dawson (his last name) which was make in 2009. The idea was paraphrased but the idea remains the same. Readers who want to read more about the original writings of Dawson from its source may check out the Reference list at the end of the document where the details of Dawsons guard or article is provided. In case a sentence or two was taken word for word from the source and written in the document, these should be within credit marks followed by the a parenthetical in-text citation that includes the page number where it was taken. For example When workers are well-motivated, they execute more productive and this translates to better business (Dawson,2009, p. 13). Another way t o write this is as follows Dawson claims that when workers are well-motivated, they mystify more productive and this translates to better business (2009, p. 13). The authors name is only written at one time in the sentence to avoid being redundant. The quoted sentence was taken from page 13 of Dawsons book or article. Notice that the in-text-citation is outside the quotations but the punctuation comes after the close parenthesis of the citation. Similarly, for MLA, in-text citation

Choose ONE of the following questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Choose ONE of the following questions - Essay sampleWhen it is about the world in theatre, the nigh important focus is laid down on the dissipate movement that took place in Italy called the neo-realist movement. This movement was created on the basis of a collection of the 1940s and 1950s celluloids, most of which based on the recovering of Italy in the social and economic aspect as presently as the Fascist regime ended. This movement gives a detailed understanding of the key principle and subject behind the movement and how it influenced the contemporary day theatre in the European and world cinema (Nagib, 2011, p. 4).Neo-realism is a concept in which neo is taken from a Latin term which means new. The concomitant of the term new in realism clearly showed that the movement tended to develop the ideas that were originally presented about realism through the classical traditional films, into a new concept that supported realism in the modern world cinema.At the time of the n eo-realist movement, realism had already been evolved as a concept in the film industry. However, a group of writers who wrote in the magazine Cinema of that time introduced the concept of neo-realism. Their unhappiness with the current personal business of the state was the reason why they decided to launch a movement where their voices would be out loud through film focusing on the problems of the society that they, themselves, were witnessing (Gazetas, 2008, p. 127).These films often used new and amateur actors to be as close to real as possible. Today, this movement is known as a movement with films of the selfsame(prenominal) characteristics. In many definitions about neo-realism, the director Roberto Rosselini said that neo-realism is a Label which remains undefined most of the times.He added that for him neo-realism is a moral position through which we look at the world. With the great filmmakers that evolved at the time, at that place was no real definition that could em erge and be agreed upon by all. Hence, neo-realism became a movement on which many