Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics Features
Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics Features The Nuiances of Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. The important point to a thriving essay is having the proper structure. The middle portion of the essay is its physique. Bear in mind that the start of your essay ought to be impressive to continue to keep your audience glued to your paper. Keep asking questions until you're satisfied you've identified all the causes or effects that are associated with your topic. You're welcome to speak to us in case you have any questions. Clear instructions with the right planning starts with a particular subject. In case the topic is selected correctly it'll be successful among the reader and cause a great deal of discussions. What You Should Do to Find Out About Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind In everyday life you've already employed the fundamentals of analysis of causes or ef fects. The next step is going to be to choose whether you need to talk about causes or effect of something. A sufficient cause is one which has the capacity to create a certain sort of effect independently but may not be the sole supply of inducing the designated cause and might or might not be accompanied by other causes. As a consequence, you'll have serious consequences. It's essential that the causes are associated with the effects, particularly if you are writing a chained cause and effect paper. What's more, you must make sure your causes are in fact linked to their effects. Don't forget, you'll have to mention real causes or effects. It is crucial to be aware that sometime, many causes result in a single effect or many effects might actually be from 1 cause. The 5-Minute Rule for Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics Anyway, it's up to you to choose so just listen to have heart and select the topic it'll be interesting that you write. Cause and effect is a typical approach to organizing and discussing ideas. When you search for information what is a cause and effect essay, you can run into such notion for a thesis statement. Since you may see, defining some causes and effects provides you with several possible essay topics. Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics for Dummies Your paper must contain no more than the essential information. A th esis statement tells the most important idea of the paper and is generally put in the introduction. Writing an academic paper may prove to be a true hell in case you have not required knowledge of doing it. Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics Can Be Fun for Everyone You should be quite much careful when writing the key arguments of the essay. Descriptive essay outline it's, therefore, essential and can help you choose the reach of an essay whilst also developing points for the essay. The thesis is going to be a statement that the full essay will work to show through logic and fact. The thesis of any essay is the most essential part of the essay. What Does Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics Mean? Our professional writers are pleased to help you with any cause and effect project that you want to get written. Broadly speaking, there are 3 varieties of cause and effect essays. You also need to right down the related impacts of the factor, if any. In a brief essay, it may be hard to tackle the reason and all the many effects of a huge event like the Great Depression. Top Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics Choices In the majority of instances, the info you already have won't be sufficient to compose a detailed, captivating paper, that's the reason you'll be asked to perform research to acquire as much additional information as you are able to. This kind of approach is likely to make your document shine as a diamond. In the event you don't understand how to ready the essay, you will need to find useful tips which might be of excellent assistance to you. In the event you need your customized cause and effect essay achieved by a non-native English speaker, you will earn that option and we're going to offer you a writer best suits your writing needs. You're strongly recommended to supply an extremely in depth instruction on essay topic and requirements. Look through all your tips for cause and effect essays, and be certain you have selected the idea l topic and revealed it properly. In the beginning, it may seem that it's a good idea to select this issue by yourself. Narrowing the topic is a significant skill in all sorts of writing including cause and effect essays. Academic essay writing requires not just a student's capacity to demonstrate the quantity of knowledge, yet to concentrate on his feelings and thoughts. Writing about the reason and effect essay topics related to the school's popularity or surviving the initial year in college could possibly be fine to grab the interest of your peers. Therefore, students should know how to compose the correct paper. Therefore, many students and employees decide to purchase low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Get the Scoop on Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics Before You're Too Late Once more, based on the content you need to provide, the essay ought to be organized to suit your information efficiently and neatly. Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. In the event of cause and effect essays which are usually utilised to estimate the reasoning capability of students, it's extremely important to connect all the statements to produce a meaningful essay. There are several kinds of signal words that can be utilized in this kind of essay.
Friday, May 15, 2020
Memory Failures And Pilot / Atc Performance Errors
Memory failures and pilot/ATC performance errors In the aviation sector, incident analyses as well as interview data show that pilots and air traffic controllers (ATC) at times fail to accomplish intentions (Byrne, 2003; Dismukes Nowinski, 2006; Nowinski, Holbrook Dismukes, 2003; Shappell Wiegmann, 2005; and Shorrock, 2005). For example, some recent reports have shown how two pilots flew around 100 miles beyond their intended destination since they were unable to recall interrupting other continuing activity in their memory to start aircraft descent. In this literature review, it will analyze whether a single root cause of memory failure can be ascertained in pilot/ATC performance errors and to which degree it would be recognized. Five literature reviews which attempt to answer this question will be reviewed and shown how (if) they (can) support the hypothesis. Reason’s human errors taxonomy The principal theoretical paradigm in the area of errors is that suggested by Reason (1990). Reason categorizes errors into two forms: ‘mistakes’ that are the outcome of forming an incorrect intent to act, and ‘slips,’ or failures to properly execute a plan. Reason widened the scope of previous error definitions and further differentiated basic types of errors. He further differentiated between violations and mistakes, both are the errors of intent-mistakes emerge from inappropriate aim or incorrect diagnosis of situations. Reason’s theory offers a clear understanding on howShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Aviation Safety Of Aviation Accidents1826 Words  | 8 Pagesassociated with human performance. Psychological factors have a key role in a pilot’s everyday responsibility. Some of these traits include: perception, memory, attitude, judgment and decision making, as well as ego (Rodrigues Cusick, 2012, p. 158-160). These qualities can ha ve drastic effects in commercial aviation if they are not recognized and adjusted accordingly. In this paper I will respond to some questions that are raised in aviation safety: 1.) Can we stop the amount of human errors in aviationRead MoreOpening Our Eyes to Fatigue and Its Role in the Crash of American Airlines Flight 14201772 Words  | 7 Pagesbe a contributing factor in the accident. This constitutes an average of over three accidents per year as a result of flight crew fatigue. The crash of American Airlines Flight 1420 in Little Rock, Arkansas, on 01 June 1999 cited impaired crew performance resulting from fatigue as being the most prevalent of three factors leading to the disaster. After touchdown, the MD-82 failed to stop before the end of the runway and struck part of the ILS localizer array, plowed through a chain link securityRead MoreCfi Oral Plan of Action17474 Words  | 70 PagesFlight Instruments, and Navigational equipment Instrument Cockpit Check Air Traffic Control Clearances Lost Communications Schedule: FOI 0:15 Review 0:45 Technical subject areas 1:00 Equipment: Dry erase board, markers, Pilot Operating Handbook (POH), Aviation Weather Services, PHAK, FAR/AIM. Instructors Actions: Discussion of lesson objective and elements relating Fundamentals of Instruction, Review topics, and technical subject areas. Students Actions: ParticipateRead MoreControlled Flight Into Terrain Essay3548 Words  | 15 Pageswater in which there was no detectable mechanical or equipment failure, where the pilot was in control of the aircraft but lost situational awareness and flew into terrain. (Bensyl, Moran, Conway, 2001, pg 1037) According to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Flight Safety Foundation (FSF), CFIT can be caused by many factors. Nevertheless, it is primarily caused when a pilot or flight crew is unaware that a dangerous situation exists.Read MoreHuman Factors in Aviation8517 Words  | 35 Pagesperforated ear drum could occur if a) you were subjected to continuous noise below 8 kHz b)you blew your nose excessively c) you were subjected to intermittent noise above 25 kHz Answer:a This is exam number 2. 1. How long is the short term memory good for remembering 7 items? a) Up to 30 seconds b)30 to 60 seconds c) Above 60 seconds Answer:a 2. What is peer group pressure? a) The influence the House of Lords have over the House of Commons b)Our behaviour influenced by our friends andRead MoreEASA Modul 9 questions12203 Words  | 49 PagesOption B.       Health and Safety.     Option C.       Human error.  Correct Answer is.     Health and Safety.     Explanation.   CAP 715 Ch.9 (1st Para.). Question Number.      6.        The incident where a 737 lost oil from both engines is a direct result of.                 Option A.       poor design.   Option B.       human error.   Option C.       engine vibration.        Correct Answer is.     human error.   Explanation.   CAP 716 Ch.4 Para.5.4.2 and App.F Para.1
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Essay on Hells Kitchen and the Capeman Murder - 1185 Words
Hells Kitchen and the Capeman Murder Hells Kitchen is the section of Manhattan that is between 34th and 59th Streets and from 8th Avenue to the Hudson River. It was the home of New Yorks most dangerous criminals from the early tenement days to Prohibition to the Westies. The population consisted of poor people who lived in a disorderly fashion and expressed themselves with a demanding spirit. Mayhem and reports of criminal homicide from the late nineteenth century on supply a good idea of daily life in Hells Kitchen. These reports illustrate a neighborhood full of crime, poverty, religious worship, hard work and family commitment. Vampires, Dragons, and Egyptian Kings divided by race, ethnicity, and neighborhood boundaries†¦show more content†¦Second, during the drafting of the Civil War there was a lot of chaos and many fatal riots against the rich because they were able to buy there way out of the war, including the protest of the Conscription Act. Differences in the beliefs of these people led to a se gregated community and the creation of gangs had begun. The first neighborhood gangs were formed by the massive amount of children (often referred to as sea urchins) that became homeless after the Civil War. The Dutch Heinrichs led the 19th Street Gang and it was known as one of the most infamous cliques around. They commanded tribute from factory owners and merchants, they broke into houses and they abused and robbed strangers. The gangs leader -- Dutch Heinricks -- was incarcerated after attacking a police Captain. Thereafter came the Gophers, who were targeted for arrest after the slaying of a man named William Lennon in a bar at 45th Street and 11th Avenue, and the Dead Rabbits who lived in the filthy tenements west of 7th Avenue in the 20s and 30s. By the 1900s, 36th Street to 59th Street west of 9th Avenue became an area of dirty tenements and factories forming a depressing and dark neighborhood that carried out the nature of slum life. The murder rate (often committed by gang members) in this section of the city continuously multiplied. The practices of the local criminal and the Westies gang in the middle of theShow MoreRelatedGang Violence in New York as Presented by West Side Story958 Words  | 4 Pagesstories about these gangs in the news as well as more public awareness. One of these stories broke out during the musical’s Broadway run in 1959. In a public park in Clinton and Midtown West (also known as Hell’s Kitchen), there was a brutal murder of two young teenagers. The specific location the murders took place was between 45th and 46th streets. There were some white teenagers on the playground, and when a group of boys from three different gangs (The Vampires, the Young Lords, and the Heart Kings)
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Capital Asset Pricing Model and Cost free essay sample
What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firm’s cost of capital? Do you agree with Joanna Cohen’s WACC calculation? Why or why not? Answer: The cost of capital refers to the maximum rate of return a firm must earn on its investment so that the market value of companys equity shares will not drop. This is a consonance with the overall firms objective of wealth maximization. WACC is a calculation of a firms cost of capital in which each category of capital is proportionately weighted. All capital sources common stock, preferred stock, bonds and any other long-term debt are included in a WACC calculation. All else equal, the WACC of a firm increases as the beta and rate of return on equity increases, as an increase in WACC notes a decrease in valuation and a higher risk. The WACC of a firm is a very important both to the stock market for stock valuation purposes and to the companys management for capital budgeting purposes. In an analysis of a potential investment by the company, investment projects that have an expected return that is greater than the companys WACC will generate additional free cash flow and will create positive net present value for stock owners. Thus, since the WACC is the minimum rate of return required by capital providers, the managers in the company should invest in the projects which generate returns in excess of WACC. We do not agree with Joanna Cohen’s calculation regarding the WACC from 3 aspects: 1) When Joanna Cohen computed the weights or proportions of debt and equity, she used the book value rather than the market value. The book values are historical data, not current ones; on the contrary, the market recalculates the values of each type of capital on a continuous basis, therefore, market values are more appropriate. ) The cost of debt should not be calculated by â€Å"taking total interest expense for the year 2001 and dividing it by the company’s average debt balance. These historical data would not reflect Nike’s current or future cost of debt. 3) She mistakenly used the average Beta from year 1996 to 2001. The average Beta could not represent the future systemic risk, and we should find the most recent Beta as Beta estimate in this situation. 2. If you do not agree with Cohen’s analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and be prepared to justify your assumptions. Answer: 1)Weights of equity and debt: In 1997 Nike’s revenues plateaued around $9 billion while net income had fallen from around $800 million to $580 million. Also, from 1997-2000 Nike’s market share in U. S. athletic shoes fell from 48% to 42%. Supply-chain issues and the adverse effect of a strong dollar had negatively affected revenue in recent years. At the June 28, 2001 analyst meeting Nike planned to add both top-line growth and operating performance. One goal was to develop more mispriced ($70-$90) athletic shoes and the other to push its apparel line. At this meeting a target long-term revenue growth rate between 8%-10% was given and an earnings-growth target above 15%. After reviewing all the analysts’ reports about the June 28th meeting Ford still did not have a clear picture of how to value Nike. Ford then performed her own sensitivity analysis which revealed Nike was undervalued at discount rates below 11. 17%. WHAT IS THE WACC? A firm derives its assets by either raising debt or equity or both. There are costs associated with raising capital and WACC is an average figure used to indicate the cost of financing a company’s asset base. More formally, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the rate that a company is expected to pay to debt holders and shareholders to finance its assets. Companies raise money from a number of sources so the WACC is the minimum return that a company must earn on existing asset base to satisfy its creditors, owners, and other providers of capital. WACC is calculated taking into account the relative weights of each component of the capital structure which means it is the proportional average of each category of capital inside a firm. This rate, also called the discount rate, is used in evaluating whether a project is feasible or not in the net present value (NPV) analysis, or in assessing the value of an asset. WACC = [Wdebt * Kdebt * (1-t)] + [Wequity * Kequity] + [Wpreferred * Kpreferred] K = component cost of capital W = weight of each component as percent of total capital t = marginal corporate tax rate WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO ESTIMATE A FIRM’S COST OF CAPITAL? The cost of capital is an important issue from the perspective of management while taking a financial decision. We can list some basic issues related to the importance of WACC and its interpretation by firms: * The importance of the WACC is in its relation to the evaluation of projects. For a project to be feasible, not just profitable, it must generate a return higher than the cost of raising debt (Kd) and the cost of raising equity (Ke). WACC is affected not only by Re and Rd, but it also varies with capital structure. Since Rd is usually lower than Re, then the higher the debt level, the lower the WACC. This partly explains why firms usually prefer issuing debt first before they raise more equity. As part of their risk management processes, some companies add a risk factor to the WACC in order to include a risk cushion in their project evaluation. * The cost of capital is also important for the management while taking a decision about capital budgeting. Naturally, the project which gives a higher (satisfactory) return on investment compared to the cost of capital incurred for its financing would be chosen by the management. Cost of capital is the key factor in deciding which project to undertake out of different opportunities. * The cost of capital is significant in designing the firms capital structure. It will direct the management about adopting the most appropriate and economical capital structure for the firm which means the management may try to substitute the various methods of finance to minimize the cost of capital so as to increase the market price and the earning per share. * The cost of capital is also an important factor for taking a decision about the soundest method of financing for the company whenever the company requires additional finance. The management may try to catch the source of finance which bears the minimum cost of capital. The cost of capital can be used to evaluate the financial performance of the top management by comparing actual profitability’s of the projects and the projected overall cost of capital and an appraisal of the actual cost incurred in raising the required funds. DO WE AGREE WITH JOANNA COHEN’S WACC CALCULATION? WHY OR WHY NOT? We do not completely agree with Joanna Cohen’s calculation of WACC. There are several problems in her calculation; * In Cohen’s calculation, she used the book value for the weights of each capital structure component (debt and equity). Book value of equity should not be used when calculating cost of capital. Instead she should have calculated the market value of equity. Also, she should have discounted the value of long-term debt that appears on the balance sheet to find the market value of debt (even if the book value of debt is accepted as an estimate of market value). * Also, she should have considered the preferred stock while calculating the weights of the components of capital structure (the redeemable preferred stock is relatively small in Nike’s capital structure so it doesn’t affect the weights). * Another problem with her calculation is about the cost of debt. Cohen used a cost of debt which is even lower than treasury yield. In common sense, a company, even it might be a large AAA firm, should be risky than US government. Cost of debt should be calculated by finding the yield to maturity on 20-year Nike Inc. debt with current coupon rate paid semi-annually instead of by taking total interest expense for 2001 and dividing it by the company’s average debt balance. USING SINGLE OR MULTIPLE COSTS OF CAPITAL IS APPROPRIATE FOR NIKE INC.? Even Nike Inc. has multiple business segments such as footwear, apparel, sports equipment and some non-Nike-branded products (which accounts for relatively small fraction of revenues), we assumed Nike Inc. o have a single cost of capital since its multiple business segments are not very different and would experience similar risks and betas. Kimi Ford was the portfolio manager in NorthPoint Group, who was concerned about whether or not to add Nike, Inc. shares into her fund. Since net income and market share had been fallen from 1997, a new strategy was proclaimed by the Nike management team during the meeting held in June, 2001: First, highly priced products are no longer their only target, now they would develop the midpriced segment so that more customers will be able to afford it. Second, another way to boost the revenue is to focus on its apparel line, which they found out to be profitable. Finally, Nike needs to reduce its costs by exerting more effort on expense control. Company executives were optimistic about the long-term revenue, expecting an 8%~ 10% growths and earnings growth above 15%. Analysts had different opinion about the company prospects; Lehman Brothers suggested a strong buy while UBS and CSFB recommended a hold. Meanwhile, Ford wanted to make her own forecast so she developed a discount cash flow to determine that, at a discount rate of 12%, Nike was overvalued at its current price $42. 09 and undervalued if the discount rate was below 11. 17%. She asked her assistant, Joanna Cohen, to calculate the company’s cost of capital precisely. On the report, Joanna Cohen used WACC to calculate the cost of capital, where she adopted book values to obtain a proportion of 27% of debt and 73% of equity. For cost of debt, she took total interest expense divided by average debt balance which resulted lower than treasury yields. For cost of equity, she used 20-year Treasury bond as risk-free rate and 5. 9% as market premium. Moreover, she divided each division by revenue, deciding to use one overall WACC. At the end, she came to a conclusion that the cost of capital for Nike, Inc was 8. 4%.
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